ANALYSIS OF TWO OPPOSITE LEGAL OPINIONS (FATWAS) ON THE SAME ISSUE Essay

ANALYSIS OF TWO OPPOSITE LEGAL OPINIONS (FATWAS) ON THE SAME ISSUE - Essay Example 15) presented to them for clarification by the faithful. Ali Khan (2006a, p. 202) refer to them as scholarly decrees which may have substantial explanations and reasoning behind them or be simply statements addressing the issue at hand (Cornell 2007, p. 154) as opinions. Cornell avers that such scholars extract their verdicts from the Quran, the Sunnah which is anything approved of by Prophet Mohammad, through creation of consensus among themselves or through the use of Ijtihad, which basically means personal, logical reasoning on the part of a scholar. Often times, different fatwas are issued on the same topic. The explanation for this may be that the each of the fatwas is offered with regard to different geographical or historical settings (Khan 2006b, p. 16). Christian Snouck (quoted in Petersen 1997, p. 11) asserts that another cause of the contradictions in fatwas is fictitious verdicts that are not requested by the laity addressing invented questions, mostly issued for rivalry purposes as illustrated abundance of various ideological standpoints in the twentieth century (Petersen 1997, p. 28). Notwithstanding the context, only one ruling can be right at a time (Khan 2006b, p. 17). In line with this argument, Dr. Sano Koutoub Moustapha (Different Fatwas, 2015), responding to a query on handling contradictory rulings, finds that differences are normal since scholars have differing methodology and principles. He notes that Islam does not compel following of Ijtihad, but that fatwas must be issued by qualified scholars. Muslims are allowed to choose opinions pertinent to them, with stronger foundations or exercise their own judgement. According to Dr. Moustapha, all verdicts are acceptable (Different Fatwas, 2015). Shaykh Muhammad Saalih al-Munajjid reiterates that only knowledgeable persons can give fatwas which should be based on a proper evidential foundation (Islamqa.info 2015). It is well established that some foods, for instance,

Banking Concept of Education Paulo Freire Essay

Banking Concept of Education Paulo Freire - Essay Example Freire demonstrates that the banking concept is considered by oppressors to be the most suitable method of imparting knowledge on learners. The banking concept is where knowledge is deposited the same as how money is deposited in a bank. Therefore the application of the banking system of education makes students to be treated as if they are empty vessels which need to be filled with knowledge (Paulo 319). The teacher is the subject in the banking method of education while the student is the subject. This shows a relationship between the teacher and the student where the teacher narrates knowledge with the student being expected to be the listening objects. Paul Freire is opposed to the banking education because it is makes education petrifying and lifeless due to the narration process through which students are expected to learn (Mejia 63). The narration which characterizes the banking education involves teachers filling information or content to students. In this method of education , students are disconnected and detached from reality because they may not find the narrated content to be significant. The students are thus made to memorize content without attaching any importance to it. On the other hand, the problem posing method of education involves both the teacher and the student in solving problems during learning. The teacher and the student therefore work together and hence both play equal roles in the process of knowledge acquisition without the student being the object into which information is filled. The student is enabled to engage in the learning process and thus making the problem posing method of education realistic because students are able to engage with the reality of the content being learned. Unlike the oppressive banking method of education, the problem posing approach enables learners to act as thinking beings